Integrated termination for multiple trench field plate

ABSTRACT

A semiconductor device includes a vertical MOS transistor with a plurality of parallel RESURF drain trenches separated by a constant spacing in a vertical drain drift region. The vertical MOS transistor has chamfered corners; each chamfered corner extends across at least five of the drain trenches. A RESURF termination trench surrounds the drain trenches, separated from sides and ends of the drain trenches by distances which are functions of the drain trench spacing. At the chamfered corners, the termination trench includes external corners which extend around an end of a drain trench which extends past an adjacent drain trench, and includes internal corners which extend past an end of a drain trench which is recessed from an adjacent drain trench. The termination trench is separated from the drain trenches at the chamfered corners by distances which are also functions of the drain trench spacing.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Under 35 U.S.C. §120, this continuation application claims priority to and benefits of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/299,051 (TI-74486), filed on Jun. 9, 2014, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

This disclosure relates to the field of semiconductor devices. More particularly, this disclosure relates to vertical MOS transistors in semiconductor devices.

BACKGROUND

A vertical metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) transistor with parallel RESURF trenches in the drain drift region has chamfered corners to reduce stress on the portions of the vertical MOS transistor nears corners of the substrate. The parallel RESURF trenches are surrounded by a RESURF termination trench. The vertical MOS transistor experiences premature breakdown and breakdown instability due to uncontrolled regions of the substrate inside the termination trench at the chamfers.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of one or more aspects of the disclosure. This summary is not an extensive overview of the disclosure, and is neither intended to identify key or critical elements of the disclosure, nor to delineate the scope thereof. Rather, the primary purpose of the summary is to present some concepts of the disclosure in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description that is presented later.

A semiconductor device includes a vertical MOS transistor with a plurality of drain trenches in a vertical drain drift region over a drain contact region. The drain trenches are arranged parallel to each other. Each drain trench has a RESURF configuration, and includes a dielectric liner contacting the vertical drain drift region and a field plate inside the dielectric liner. Adjacent drain trenches are separated by a substantially constant spacing. The vertical MOS transistor has chamfered corners; each chamfered corner extends across at least five of the drain trenches. A termination trench having a RESURF configuration surrounds the drain trenches. The termination trench is separated from outer instances of the drain trenches by a distance of 80 percent to 120 percent of the spacing between the drain trenches. The termination trench is separated from ends of instances of the drain trenches, located away from the chamfered corners, by a distance of 50 percent to 90 percent of the spacing between the drain trenches. At the chamfered corners, the termination trench includes external corners which extend around an end of a drain trench which extends past an adjacent drain trench. At the chamfered corners, the termination trench also includes internal corners which extend past an end of a drain trench which is recessed from an adjacent drain trench. At the chamfered corners, the external corners and internal corners alternate in series. At each chamfered corner, the termination trench includes at least three external corners and at least two internal corners.

DESCRIPTION OF THE VIEWS OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 is a top view of an example semiconductor device including a vertical MOS transistor with drain trenches, surrounded by a termination trench.

FIG. 2 is a cross section of the semiconductor device of FIG. 1, through the termination trench and two adjacent drain trenches.

FIG. 3 is a top view of the semiconductor device of FIG. 1, showing an external corner and an internal corner of the termination trench in more detail.

FIG. 4A through FIG. 4G are cross sections of the semiconductor device of FIG. 1, through the termination trench and two adjacent drain trenches, at the same location as FIG. 2, depicted in successive stages of fabrication.

FIG. 5 through FIG. 7 are top views of alternative configurations of chamfered corners of the semiconductor device of FIG. 1.

FIG. 8 is a top view of the semiconductor device of FIG. 1, depicting an optional isolated interior region.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure is described with reference to the attached figures. The figures are not drawn to scale and they are provided merely to illustrate the disclosure. Several aspects of the disclosure are described below with reference to example applications for illustration. It should be understood that numerous specific details, relationships, and methods are set forth to provide an understanding of the disclosure. One skilled in the relevant art, however, will readily recognize that the disclosure can be practiced without one or more of the specific details or with other methods. In other instances, well-known structures or operations are not shown in detail to avoid obscuring the disclosure. The present disclosure is not limited by the illustrated ordering of acts or events, as some acts may occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts or events. Furthermore, not all illustrated acts or events are required to implement a methodology in accordance with the present disclosure.

For the purposes of this description, the term “RESURF” will be understood to refer to a structure which reduces an electric field in an adjacent semiconductor region. A RESURF region may be, for example, a dielectric layer contacting the semiconductor region and a field plate separated from the semiconductor region by the dielectric layer. RESURF structures are described in Appels, et al., “Thin Layer High Voltage Devices” Philips J, Res. 35 1-13, 1980.

FIG. 1 is a top view of an example semiconductor device including a vertical MOS transistor with drain trenches, surrounded by a termination trench. The semiconductor device 100 is formed on a substrate 102 which includes semiconductor material, such as a silicon wafer. The vertical MOS transistor 104 includes a plurality of drain trenches 106 in a vertical drain drift region of the substrate 102. Each drain trench 106 is at least 3 microns deep in the substrate 102 and includes a dielectric liner contacting the substrate 102 and a field plate inside the dielectric liner. The vertical MOS transistor 104 includes a drain contact region in the substrate 102 below the drain trenches 106. The vertical MOS transistor 104 includes a gate and a source electrode over the substrate 102; the gate and source electrode, as well as dielectric layers over the substrate, are not shown in FIG. 1 to more clearly show the configuration of the drain trenches 106. The drain trenches 106 are arranged parallel to each other on a substantially constant pitch, so that adjacent drain trenches 106 are separated by a substantially constant spacing 108 of the substrate 102 across the vertical MOS transistor 104. The spacing 108 is less than 5 microns and may be 1 micron to 3 microns. A width of the drain trenches 106 may be, for example, 700 nanometers to 2 microns.

The vertical MOS transistor 104 has at least one chamfered corner 110, and possibly four chamfered corners 110 as shown in FIG. 1. Each chamfered corner 110 extends across at least five drain trenches 106, that is, there are at least five drain trenches 106 at each chamfered corner 110 which are shorter than the drain trenches 106 located away from the chamfered corners 110. At each chamfered corner 110, there are at least two drain trenches 106 which are recessed from immediately adjacent drain trenches 106, that is, there are at least two drain trenches 106 which do not extend as far as immediately adjacent drain trenches 106. Chamfered corners which extend across less than five drain trenches 106 do not provide adequate stress relief, leading to undesired performance degradation of the vertical MOS transistor 104.

The drain trenches 106 are surrounded by a termination trench 112. The termination trench 112 is at least 3 microns deep in the substrate 102 and includes a dielectric liner contacting the substrate 102 and a field plate inside the dielectric liner. The drain contact region extends under the termination trench 112. The termination trench 112 is separated from outer instances 114 of the drain trenches 106 by a side space which is 80 percent to 120 percent of the substantially constant spacing 108 between the drain trenches 106. The termination trench 112 is separated from ends 118 of instances of the drain trenches, located away from the chamfered corners, by an end space 120 of 50 percent to 90 percent of the substantially constant spacing 108 between the drain trenches 106.

At each chamfered corner 110, the termination trench 112 includes at least three external corners 122 which extend around an end of a drain trench 106 which extends past an adjacent drain trench 106. At each chamfered corner 110, the termination trench 112 also includes at least two internal corners 124 which extend past an end of a drain trench 106 which is recessed from an adjacent drain trench 106. At the chamfered corners, the external corners 122 and internal corners 124 alternate in series.

At each external corner 122, every point on the interior edge 140 of the termination trench 112 is separated from the adjacent drain trench 106 by 50 percent to 120 percent of the substantially constant spacing 108 between the drain trenches 106. Forming the termination trench 112 at each external corner 122 as described may advantageously reduce premature breakdown of the vertical MOS transistor 104.

At each internal corner 124, every point on the interior edge 140 of the termination trench 112 is separated from sides and ends of the adjacent drain trenches 106 by 50 percent to 120 percent of the substantially constant spacing 108 between the drain trenches 106. A radius of the interior edge of the termination trench 112 at each internal corner 124 is 25 percent to 75 percent of the substantially constant spacing 108 between the drain trenches 106. For example, if the spacing 108 between the drain trenches 106 is 2.4 microns, the radius of the interior edge of the termination trench 112 at each internal corner 124 is 0.6 microns to 1.8 microns. Forming the termination trench 112 at each internal corner 124 as described may advantageously reduce premature breakdown and reduce breakdown instability of the vertical MOS transistor 104.

FIG. 2 is a cross section of the semiconductor device of FIG. 1, through the termination trench and two adjacent drain trenches, at the location designated in FIG. 1. The drain contact region 126 is a heavily doped region. For example, the drain contact region 126 may have a doping density of 1×10¹⁸ cm⁻³ to 1×10²¹ cm⁻³. The vertical drain drift region 128 is formed in the substrate 102 over the drain contact region 126. The drain trenches 106 and the termination trench 112 are formed in the substrate 102. The drain trenches 106 have dielectric liners 130 which contact the substrate 102 and field plates 132 inside the dielectric liners 130. The field plates 132 may be segmented, as depicted in FIG. 2, wherein the dielectric liner 130 is thinner proximate to a top surface 134 of the substrate 102 and thicker proximate to the drain contact region 126. The drain trenches 106 are separated by the substantially constant spacing 108 from each other. The termination trench 112 is separated from the outer instance 114 of the drain trenches 106 by the side space 116. The termination trench 112 has a dielectric liner 136 which contacts the substrate 102 and a field plate 138 inside the dielectric liner 136. The dielectric liner 136 of the termination trench 112 is substantially uniform in thickness along the field plate 138. The termination trench 112 may be substantially as deep in the substrate 102 as the drain trenches 106. A portion, or all, of the termination trench 112 may be formed concurrently with the drain trenches 106. The termination trench 112 and the drain trenches 106 extend proximate to, or into, the drain contact region 126. The drain contact region 126 extends under, and possibly past, the termination trench 112. A vertical thickness and average doping density of the vertical drain drift region 128 may depend on an operating voltage of the vertical MOS transistor 104. For example, a vertical MOS transistor 104 designed to operate at 30 volts may have a vertical drain drift region 128 that is 4 microns thick with an average doping density of 5×10¹⁶ cm⁻³ to 1×10¹⁷ cm⁻³. A vertical MOS transistor 104 designed to operate at 100 volts may have a vertical drain drift region 128 that is 10 microns thick with an average doping density of 1×10¹⁶ cm⁻³ to 5×10¹⁶ cm⁻³. The interior edge 140 of the termination trench 112 faces the drain trenches 106 at the top surface 134 of the substrate 102.

The vertical MOS transistor 104 includes a body 142 in the substrate 102 over the vertical drain drift region 128 extending to the top surface 134 of the substrate 102. The vertical MOS transistor 104 also includes a source 144 in the substrate 102 extending to the top surface 134, separated from the vertical drain drift region 128 by the body 142. A lightly doped drain extension 146 of the vertical MOS transistor 104 is located in the substrate 102 over the vertical drain drift region 128 abutting the body 142. A gate 148 of the vertical MOS transistor 104, for example a split gate 148 as depicted in FIG. 2, is located above the body 142 over a gate dielectric layer 150. Other gate configurations, such as a trench gate or a contiguous planar gate, are within the scope of the instant example. A dielectric cap layer 152 may be disposed over the top surface 134 of the substrate 102 and the split gate 148. A source electrode 154 is disposed over the substrate 102, making electrical connections to the source 144 and the body 142, and possibly the field plates 132 in the drain trenches 106, and possibly to the field plate 138 in the termination trench 112.

FIG. 3 is a top view of the semiconductor device of FIG. 1, showing an external corner and an internal corner of the termination trench in more detail. The gate dielectric layer 150, the split gate 148, the dielectric cap layer 152 and the source electrode 154 of FIG. 2 are removed in FIG. 3 to more clearly show the configuration of the drain trenches 106 and the termination trench 112. The drain trenches 106 include the dielectric liners 130 and the field plates 132. The drain trenches 106 are separated by the substantially constant spacing 108. The termination trench includes the dielectric liner 136 and the field plate 138.

The external corner 122 extends around one instance 156 of the drain trenches 106 which extends past an adjacent instance 158 of the drain trenches 106 which is recessed from the one instance 156. At the external corner 122, every point on the interior edge 140 of the termination trench 112 is separated from the one instance 156 of the drain trenches 106 by 50 percent to 120 percent of the substantially constant spacing 108 between the drain trenches 106.

The internal corner 124 extends past the adjacent instance 158 of the drain trenches 106 which is recessed from the one instance 156 of the drain trenches 106. At each internal corner 124, every point on the interior edge 140 of the termination trench 112 is separated from the one instance 156 of the drain trenches 106 and the adjacent instance 158 of the drain trenches 106 by 50 percent to 120 percent of the substantially constant spacing 108 between the drain trenches 106. A radius 160 of the interior edge 140 of the termination trench 112 at the internal corner 124 is 25 percent to 75 percent of the substantially constant spacing 108 between the drain trenches 106.

The termination trench 112 may include one or more parallel straight segments 162 between the external corner 122 and internal corner 124; the parallel straight segments 162 are parallel to the drain trenches 106. The parallel straight segments 162 are separated from adjacent drain trenches 106 by a parallel space 164 which is 80 percent to 120 percent of the substantially constant spacing 108 between the drain trenches 106 of FIG. 1. The termination trench 112 may include one or more perpendicular straight segments 166 between the external corner 122 and internal corner 124; the perpendicular straight segments 166 are perpendicular to the drain trenches 106. The perpendicular straight segments 166 are separated from ends of adjacent drain trenches 106 by a perpendicular space 168 which is 50 percent to 90 percent of the substantially constant spacing 108 between the drain trenches 106 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 4A through FIG. 4G are cross sections of the semiconductor device of FIG. 1, through the termination trench and two adjacent drain trenches, at the same location as FIG. 2, depicted in successive stages of fabrication. Referring to FIG. 4A, the drain contact region 126 of the semiconductor device 100 is formed in the substrate 102 as a heavily doped region. The vertical drain drift region 128 is formed in the substrate 102 over the drain contact region 126. The drain contact region 126 may be a buried layer and a portion of the substrate 102 over the drain contact region 126 containing the vertical drain drift region 128 may be formed by an epitaxial process.

A pad oxide layer 170 is formed over the top surface 134 of the substrate 102, for example by thermal oxidation. The pad oxide layer 170 may be 10 nanometers to 50 nanometers thick. A trench mask 172 is formed over the pad oxide layer 170; the trench mask 172 exposes areas for the drain trenches 106 and the termination trench 112. The trench mask 172 may include photoresist formed by a photolithographic process and/or may include hard mask material such as silicon nitride and/or amorphous carbon. A trench etch process removes the pad oxide layer 170 and semiconductor material from the substrate 102 in the areas exposed by the trench mask 172. The trench etch process may be a continuous phase reactive ion etch (ME) process which concurrently removes the semiconductor material from bottoms of etched regions for the drain trenches 106 and the termination trench 112 while passivating sidewalls of the etched regions. Alternatively, the trench etch process may be an alternating phase ME process which removes the semiconductor material from bottoms of the etched regions for the drain trenches 106 and the termination trench 112 in a first phase and passivates the sidewalls of the etched regions in a second phase. The trench mask 172 is removed after the trench etch process is completed, by ashing and/or a wet clean process. The pad oxide layer 170 may optionally be removed, using a buffered dilute aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid.

Referring to FIG. 4B, a first layer of silicon dioxide 174 is formed over the top surface 134 of the substrate 102 and in the etched regions for the drain trenches 106 and the termination trench 112. The first layer of silicon dioxide 174 is formed by thermal oxidation. A thickness of the first layer of silicon dioxide 174 depends on an operating voltage of the vertical MOS transistor 104. For example, in a vertical MOS transistor 104 designed to operate at 30 volts, the first layer of silicon dioxide 174 may be 170 nanometers to 220 nanometers thick. In a vertical MOS transistor 104 designed to operate at 100 volts, the first layer of silicon dioxide 174 may be 400 nanometers to 500 nanometers thick.

A first layer of field plate material 176 such as polysilicon is formed over the first layer of silicon dioxide 174, extending into the etched regions for the drain trenches 106 and the termination trench 112. Polysilicon in the first layer of field plate material 176 may be formed by decomposition of silane (SiH₄) at a temperature of 575° C. to 650° C. and a pressure of 350 millitorr to 400 millitorr. Polysilicon in the first layer of field plate material 176 may be doped during formation by adding phosphine (PH₃) to the silane.

Referring to FIG. 4C, the field plate material 176 is removed from over the top surface 134 of the substrate 102. The field plate material 176 may removed by an etchback process and/or a chemical mechanical polish (CMP) process. The field plate material 176 is left in the drain trenches 106 and the termination trench 112.

Referring to FIG. 4D, a field plate mask 178 is formed over the top surface 134 of the substrate 102 so as to expose the field plate material 176 in the drain trenches 106 and cover the field plate material 176 in the termination trench 112. The field plate mask 178 may include photoresist and/or hard mask material. An etch process removes a portion of the field plate material 176 in the drain trenches 106, leaving the field plate material 176 in bottom portions of the drain trenches 106. The etch process may possibly be selective to the first layer of silicon dioxide 174, so that a majority of the first layer of silicon dioxide 174 remains in upper portions of the drain trenches 106 as depicted in FIG. 4D. Alternatively, the etch process may possibly remove a majority, or substantially all, of the first layer of silicon dioxide 174 in the upper portions of the drain trenches 106. The etch process may be a timed wet etch using an aqueous solution of tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide or choline. Alternatively, the etch process may be a reactive ion etch process using bromine radicals.

Referring to FIG. 4E, remaining silicon dioxide of the first layer of silicon dioxide 174 in the upper portions of the drain trenches 106 is removed. The silicon dioxide in the first layer of silicon dioxide 174 in the bottom portions of the drain trenches 106 is not removed. The remaining silicon dioxide of the first layer of silicon dioxide 174 in the upper portions of the drain trenches 106 may be removed using a timed wet etch with a buffered dilute aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid. The field plate mask 178 is removed after the remaining silicon dioxide of the first layer of silicon dioxide 174 in the upper portions of the drain trenches 106 is removed.

Referring to FIG. 4F, a second layer of silicon dioxide 180 is formed on sidewalls of the drain trenches 106 above the first layer of silicon dioxide 174 to form a continuous dielectric liner in the drain trenches 106. The second layer of silicon dioxide 180 extends onto exposed silicon at the top surface 134 of the substrate 102. The second layer of silicon dioxide 180 may be formed by thermal oxidation. A thickness of the second layer of silicon dioxide 180 depends on an operating voltage of the vertical MOS transistor 104. For example, in a vertical MOS transistor 104 designed to operate at 30 volts, the second layer of silicon dioxide 180 may be 55 nanometers to 65 nanometers thick. In a vertical MOS transistor 104 designed to operate at 100 volts, the first layer of silicon dioxide 174 may be 150 nanometers to 200 nanometers thick.

A second layer of field plate material 182 is formed over the second layer of silicon dioxide 180, extending into the drain trenches 106. The second layer of field plate material 182 may be the same material as the first layer of field plate material 176, and may be formed by a similar process. The second layer of field plate material 182 may possibly make electrical connection to the first layer of field plate material 176, or may be separated from the first layer of field plate material 176 by a portion of the second layer of silicon dioxide 180 formed on the first layer of field plate material 176.

Referring to FIG. 4G, the second layer of field plate material 182 of FIG. 4F is removed from over the top surface 134 of the substrate 102, leaving the second layer of field plate material 182 in the upper portion of the drain trenches 106 and the first layer of field plate material 176 of FIG. 4F in the lower portions of the drain trenches 106 to provide the field plates 132. The first layer of field plate material 176 in the termination trench 112 provides the field plate 138. The first layer of silicon dioxide 174 of FIG. 4F in the bottom portions of the drain trenches 106 and the second layer of silicon dioxide 180 in the upper portions of the drain trenches 106 provide the dielectric liners 130. The first layer of silicon dioxide 174 in the termination trench 112 provides the dielectric liner 136. A portion or all of the first layer of silicon dioxide 174 and the second layer of silicon dioxide 180 may be removed from over the top surface 134 of the substrate 102 when the second layer of field plate material 182 is removed.

Forming the drain trenches 106 to have thinner dielectric liners 130 in upper portions and thicker dielectric liners 130 in lower portions while maintaining the thicker dielectric liner 136 in the termination trench 112 may advantageously provide a shorter vertical drain drift region 128 for a given operating voltage of the vertical MOS transistor 104 while providing desired breakdown voltage and breakdown stability at the termination trench 112. Fabrication of the semiconductor device continues with formation of the gate dielectric layer, gate, and so on, to provide the semiconductor device 100 of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.

FIG. 5 through FIG. 7 are top views of alternative configurations of chamfered corners of the semiconductor device of FIG. 1. Referring to FIG. 5, the chamfered corner 110 spans a plurality of the drain trenches 106 with varying lengths. The termination trench 112 at the chamfered corner 110 includes alternating instances of the external corners 122 and the internal corners 124. Some adjacent instances of the external corners 122 and the internal corners 124 are connected by instances of the parallel straight segments 162 and other adjacent instances of the external corners 122 and the internal corners 124 are connected by instances of the perpendicular straight segments 166. Still other adjacent instances of the external corners 122 and the internal corners 124 contact each other without intervening instances of the parallel straight segments 162 or the perpendicular straight segments 166. At the chamfered corner 110 every point on the interior edge 140 of the termination trench 112 is separated from adjacent instances of the drain trenches 106 by 50 percent to 120 percent of the substantially constant spacing 108 between the drain trenches 106, as described in reference to FIG. 3.

Referring to FIG. 6, the chamfered corner 110 spans a plurality of the drain trenches 106 all having different lengths. The termination trench 112 at the chamfered corner 110 includes alternating instances of the external corners 122 and the internal corners 124, without intervening instances of the parallel straight segments 162 or the perpendicular straight segments 166 of FIG. 3. At the chamfered corner 110 every point on the interior edge 140 of the termination trench 112 is separated from adjacent instances of the drain trenches 106 by 50 percent to 120 percent of the substantially constant spacing 108 between the drain trenches 106, as described in reference to FIG. 3.

Referring to FIG. 7, the chamfered corner 110 spans a plurality of the drain trenches 106 each being adjacent to a drain trench 106 with a same length. The termination trench 112 at the chamfered corner 110 includes alternating instances of the external corners 122 and the internal corners 124, with intervening instances of the parallel straight segments 162 or the perpendicular straight segments 166 between each adjacent pair of the external corners 122 and the internal corners 124. At the chamfered corner 110 every point on the interior edge 140 of the termination trench 112 is separated from adjacent instances of the drain trenches 106 by 50 percent to 120 percent of the substantially constant spacing 108 between the drain trenches 106, as described in reference to FIG. 3.

FIG. 8 is a top view of the semiconductor device of FIG. 1, depicting an optional isolated interior region. The drain trenches 106 are configured in parallel on a substantially constant pitch in the vertical MOS transistor 104. The semiconductor device 100 includes the isolated interior region 184 with the drain trenches 106 on at least three sides. A component 186 such as a temperature sensor 186 may be disposed in the isolated interior region 184, electrically isolated from the vertical MOS transistor 104. The termination trench 112 is disposed at least partially around the isolated interior region 184, separating the isolated interior region 184 from the drain trenches 106. The termination trench 112 around the isolated interior region 184 includes a plurality of internal corners 124 and possibly one or more external corners 122. The termination trench 112 surrounding the vertical MOS transistor 104 may be continuous with the termination trench 112 around the isolated interior region 184 as depicted in FIG. 8. Alternatively, the termination trench 112 surrounding the vertical MOS transistor 104 may possibly be separate from the termination trench 112 around the isolated interior region 184.

At each internal corner 124 in the termination trench 112 around the isolated interior region 184, every point on the interior edge 140 of the termination trench 112 is separated from the drain trenches 106 by 50 percent to 120 percent of the substantially constant spacing 108 between the drain trenches 106, as described in reference to FIG. 3. A radius 160 of the interior edge 140 of the termination trench 112 at the internal corner 124 is 25 percent to 75 percent of the substantially constant spacing 108 between the drain trenches 106. At each external corner 122, if present, in the termination trench 112 around the isolated interior region 184, every point on the interior edge 140 of the termination trench 112 is separated from the drain trenches 106 by 50 percent to 120 percent of the substantially constant spacing 108 between the drain trenches 106.

While various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only and not limitation. Numerous changes to the disclosed embodiments can be made in accordance with the disclosure herein without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above described embodiments. Rather, the scope of the disclosure should be defined in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A transistor, comprising: a semiconductor substrate having a transistor region including a chamfered corner; a first trench and a second trench each positioned within the transistor region and parallel to each other, the first trench having a first end enclosed by the chamfered corner, the second trench having a second end enclosed by the chamfered corner, the second trench longer than the first trench with the second end extending further than the first end; and a terminal trench laterally surrounding the first and second trenches, the terminal trench having: an longitudinal segment parallel to the first and second trenches; a first corner connected to the longitudinal segment and pointing at the chamfered corner, the first corner adjacent to the first end of the first trench; a second corner extending from the first corner and pointing away from the chamfered corner, the second corner positioned between the first and second ends; and a third corner extending from the second corner and pointing at the chamfered corner, the third corner adjacent to the second end of the second trench.
 2. The transistor of claim 1, wherein: the first trench is spaced apart from the second trench by a distance; and the second corner has a radius of curvature ranging from 25% to 75% of the distance.
 3. The transistor of claim 1, wherein: the first trench is spaced apart from the second trench by a first distance; and the terminal trench has an interior edge facing the transistor region, the interior edge spaced apart from each of the first and second ends by a second distance ranging from 50% to 120% of the first distance.
 4. The transistor of claim 1, further comprising: a drain contact region adjacent to a bottom surface of the semiconductor substrate, and having a first doping concentration; and a drain drift region positioned above the drain contact region, and having a second doping concentration lower than the first doping concentration; wherein the first and second trenches extends from a top surface of the semiconductor substrate to penetrate the drain drift region without reaching the drain contact region.
 5. The transistor of claim 1, further comprising: a body region adjacent to a top surface of the semiconductor substrate; a source region positioned within the body region; and a gate structure positioned above the source region and the body region and overlapping a portion of the body region; wherein the first trench extends from the top surface of the semiconductor substrate through the source region and the body region.
 6. The transistor of claim 5, wherein the first trench includes a conductor coupled to the source region and the body region.
 7. The transistor of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second trench includes a dielectric liner and a conductor surrounded by the dielectric liner.
 8. The transistor of claim 7, wherein the conductor has an upper segment adjacent to a top surface of the semiconductor substrate, and a lower segment below the upper segment and narrower than the upper segment.
 9. The transistor of claim 1, further comprising: a first body region adjacent to the first trench; a second body region adjacent to the second trench and spaced apart from the first body region; a first source region positioned within the first body region; a second source region positioned within the second body region; and a split gate structure positioned between the first and second trenches and directly above a portion of each of the first and second body regions.
 10. The transistor of claim 9, wherein: the first trench includes a first conductor coupled to the first source region and the first body region; and the second trench includes a second conductor coupled to the second source region and the second body region.
 11. An integrated circuit, comprising: a semiconductor substrate having a transistor region including a chamfered corner; and a vertical metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) transistor, comprising: a first trench and a second trench each positioned within the transistor region and parallel to each other, the first trench having a first end enclosed by the chamfered corner, the second trench having a second end enclosed by the chamfered corner, the second trench longer than the first trench with the second end extending further than the first end; and a terminal trench laterally surrounding the first and second trenches, the terminal trench having: an longitudinal segment parallel to the first and second trenches; a first corner connected to the longitudinal segment and pointing at the chamfered corner, the first corner adjacent to the first end of the first trench; a second corner extending from the first corner and pointing away from the chamfered corner, the second corner positioned between the first and second ends; and a third corner extending from the second corner and pointing at the chamfered corner, the third corner adjacent to the second end of the second trench.
 12. The integrated circuit of claim 11, wherein: the first trench is spaced apart from the second trench by a distance; and the second corner has a radius of curvature ranging from 25% to 75% of the distance.
 13. The integrated circuit of claim 11, wherein: the first trench is spaced apart from the second trench by a first distance; and the terminal trench has an interior edge facing the transistor region, the interior edge spaced apart from each of the first and second ends by a second distance ranging from 50% to 120% of the first distance.
 14. The integrated circuit of claim 11, further comprising: a drain contact region adjacent to a bottom surface of the semiconductor substrate, and having a first doping concentration; and a drain drift region positioned above the drain contact region, and having a second doping concentration lower than the first doping concentration; wherein the first and second trenches extends from a top surface of the semiconductor substrate to penetrate the drain drift region without reaching the drain contact region.
 15. The integrated circuit of claim 11, further comprising: a body region adjacent to a top surface of the semiconductor substrate; a source region positioned within the body region; and a gate structure positioned above the source region and the body region and overlapping a portion of the body region; wherein the first trench extends from the top surface of the semiconductor substrate through the source region and the body region.
 16. The integrated circuit of claim 15, wherein the first trench includes a conductor coupled to the source region and the body region.
 17. The integrated circuit of claim 11, wherein each of the first and second trench includes a dielectric liner and a conductor surrounded by the dielectric liner.
 18. The integrated circuit of claim 17, wherein the conductor has an upper segment adjacent to a top surface of the semiconductor substrate, and a lower segment below the upper segment and narrower than the upper segment.
 19. The integrated circuit of claim 11, further comprising: a first body region adjacent to the first trench; a second body region adjacent to the second trench and spaced apart from the first body region; a first source region positioned within the first body region; a second source region positioned within the second body region; and a split gate structure positioned between the first and second trenches and directly above a portion of each of the first and second body regions.
 20. The integrated circuit of claim 19, wherein: the first trench includes a first conductor coupled to the first source region and the first body region; and the second trench includes a second conductor coupled to the second source region and the second body region. 